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}} Lu Ji (188–219),〔 courtesy name Gongji, was a scholar and official serving under the warlord Sun Quan in the late Eastern Han dynasty. He was also one of the 24 Filial Exemplars. ==Life== Lu Ji was from Wu county (吳縣), Wu commandery (吳郡), which is in present-day Suzhou, Jiangsu. His father Lu Kang served as the Administrator (太守) of Lujiang commandery (廬江郡) towards the end of the Eastern Han dynasty.〔(陸績字公紀，吳郡吳人也。父康，漢末為廬江太守。) ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 57.〕 When Lu Ji was six years old,〔Lu Ji was actually about five years old then. In East Asian tradition, a person is considered one year old in his/her first year of life. See East Asian age reckoning for details.〕 his father brought him to Jiujiang commandery (九江郡) to visit Yuan Shu. Yuan Shu treated his guests to mandarin oranges. Lu Ji secretly took three oranges and hid them in his sleeve. When Lu Ji and his father were preparing to leave, the oranges suddenly rolled out of his sleeve. Yuan Shu said, "Young Man Lu, you came as a guest. Why did you hide the oranges?" Lu Ji knelt down and replied, "I want to bring them home for my mother." Yuan Shu was very impressed with Lu Ji.〔(績年六歲，於九江見袁術。術出橘，績懷三枚，去，拜辭墮地，術謂曰：「陸郎作賔客而懷橘乎？」績跪荅曰：「欲歸遺母。」術大奇之。) ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 57.〕 This incident is one of the 24 stories of filial piety in the Confucian classic ''The Twenty-four Filial Exemplars''. In the late 190s, after the warlord Sun Ce had conquered lands in the Wu region and established his domain there, he invited scholars such as Zhang Zhao, Zhang Hong and Qin Song to discuss with him on how to bring peace to the Han Empire. Lu Ji was among the scholars. As their seating positions were determined by their ages, Lu Ji took the furthest seat because he was the youngest. When they were talking about using military force to bring about peace, Lu Ji raised his voice and said, "In the past, when Guan Yiwu served as a chancellor under Duke Huan of Qi, the Duke was able to unite the various lords under his control and bring order to the Empire without resorting to military force. Confucius once said, "If remoter people are not submissive, all the influences of civil culture and virtue are to be cultivated to attract them to be so."〔Lu Ji quoted from chapter 16 of the ''Analects''. See the English translation for this line (here ).〕 Those who are present at this discussion speak of only using military force, and nothing about promoting civil culture and virtue. I, Ji, may be young and ignorant, but I don't feel at ease (after hearing what you've said)." Zhang Zhao and the others were very surprised by Lu Ji's response.〔(孫策在吳，張昭、張紘、秦松為上賔，共論四海未泰，須當用武治而平之，績年少末坐，遙大聲言曰：「昔管夷吾相齊桓公，九合諸侯，一匡天下，不用兵車。孔子曰：『遠人不服，則脩文德以來之。』今論者不務道德懷取之術，而惟尚武，績雖童蒙，竊所未安也。」昭等異焉。) ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 57.〕 Lu Ji had a majestic appearance and was known for being very well read in various fields, including astronomy, calendar science and mathematics. He was also a friend of other scholars such as Yu Fan and Pang Tong, who were much older than him.〔(績容貌雄壯，博學多識，星歷筭數無不該覽。虞翻舊齒名盛，龐統荊州令士，年亦差長，皆與績友善。) ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 57.〕 In 200 CE, Sun Ce died and was succeeded by his younger brother Sun Quan. After Sun Quan took control of the Wu lands, he recruited Lu Ji to serve as a ''zoucaoyuan'' (奏曹掾; a minor official in a bureau) under him. Lu Ji subsequently served as the Administrator (太守) of Yulin commandery (鬱林郡; around present-day Guiping, Guangxi). He was also promoted to Lieutenant-General (偏將軍) and placed in command of 2,000 troops. However, Lu Ji did not aspire to be an official, because he not only had physical disabilities, but also because he was actually interested in scholarly pursuits. Nevertheless, throughout his career, he never gave up on academics even though he was busy with military affairs. He created the ''Hun Tian Tu'' (渾天圖) and annotated the ''Yi Jing'' and ''Taixuanjing'', and his works were spread around later.〔(孫權統事，辟為奏曹掾，以直道見憚，出為鬱林太守，加偏將軍，給兵二千人。績旣有躄疾，又意在儒雅，非其志也。雖有軍事，著述不廢，作渾天圖，注易釋玄，皆傳於世。) ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 57.〕 When Lu Ji sensed that his death was imminent, he wrote, "During the Han dynasty, there lived Lu Ji, a man from Wu commandery who had lofty ambitions. When he was young, he read the ''Classic of Poetry'' and ''Book of Documents''. When he reached adulthood, he was already very familiar with the ''Classic of Rites'' and ''Yi Jing''. He received orders to lead a military campaign to the south, but was struck by illness. How unfortunate his life was! He died with regrets and sorrow!" He also wrote, "About more than 60 years from now, vehicles will be able to travel on the same roads, and books will be written in the same script. It is unfortunate that I will not be able to witness that." He died at the age of 32 (by East Asian age reckoning).〔(豫自知亡日，乃為辭曰：「有漢志士吳郡陸績，幼敦詩、書，長玩禮、易，受命南征，遘疾遇厄，遭命不幸，嗚呼悲隔！」又曰：「從今已去，六十年之外，車同軌，書同文，恨不及見也。」年三十二卒。) ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 57.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lu Ji (Gongji)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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